Hardened D3 Tool Steel
Tool Steels
Property Overview
Density7.7g/cm³
Elastic Modulus190GPa
Tensile Strength2050MPa
Yield Strength1550MPa
Brinell HardnessUnknown
Maximum Service TemperatureUnknown
Chemical Composition
C
2.0 to 2.4%
CR
11 to 13.5%
NI
0 to 0.3%
MN
0 to 0.6%
SI
0 to 0.6%
P
0 to 0.030%
S
0 to 0.030%
CU
0 to 0.25%
V
0 to 1.0%
W
0 to 1.0%
FE
80.3 to 87%
Mechanical
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa
Elongation at Break
9.8 %
Fatigue Strength
940 MPa
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Shear Modulus
74 GPa
Shear Strength
1220 MPa
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
2050 MPa
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
1550 MPa
Hardness
Rockwell C Hardness
63
Physical
Density
7.7 g/cm 3
Thermal
Latent Heat of Fusion
270 J/g
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1430 °C
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1390 °C
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K
Thermal Conductivity
31 W/m-K
Thermal Diffusivity
8.3 mm 2 /s
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Thermal Shock Resistance
63 points
Electrical
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
3.0 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
3.5 % IACS
Calculated
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
13
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
180 MJ/m 3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
74 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
47 points
Environmental
Base Metal Price
8.0 % relative
Embodied Carbon
3.2 kg CO 2 /kg material
Embodied Energy
48 MJ/kg
Embodied Energy
48 MJ/kg 21 x 10 3 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
100 L/kg
Embodied Water
100 L/kg 12 gal/lb
Registered Designations & Aliases
Hardened D3 Tool Steel
Standards
ASTM A681 ASTM A681: Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy
SAE J437 SAE J437: Selection and Heat Treatment of Tool and Die Steels
SAE J437 SAE J437: Selection and Heat Treatment of Tool and Die Steels ASTM A681: Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy Tool Steels, 5th ed., George Roberts et al., 1998 Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016