Hardened D2 Tool Steel
Tool Steels
Property Overview
Density7.7g/cm³
Elastic Modulus190GPa
Tensile Strength2000MPa
Yield Strength1510MPa
Brinell HardnessUnknown
Maximum Service TemperatureUnknown
Chemical Composition
C
1.4 to 1.6%
CR
11 to 13%
NI
0 to 0.3%
MO
0.7 to 1.2%
MN
0 to 0.6%
SI
0 to 0.6%
P
0 to 0.030%
S
0 to 0.030%
CU
0 to 0.25%
V
0 to 1.1%
FE
81.3 to 86.9%
Mechanical
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa
Elongation at Break
5.0 %
Fatigue Strength
860 MPa
Poisson's Ratio
0.28
Shear Modulus
75 GPa
Shear Strength
1160 MPa
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
2000 MPa
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
1510 MPa
Hardness
Rockwell C Hardness
62
Physical
Density
7.7 g/cm 3
Thermal
Latent Heat of Fusion
270 J/g
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1440 °C
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1390 °C
Specific Heat Capacity
480 J/kg-K
Thermal Conductivity
31 W/m-K
Thermal Diffusivity
8.3 mm 2 /s
Thermal Expansion
11 µm/m-K
Thermal Shock Resistance
67 points
Electrical
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
4.3 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
5.1 % IACS
Calculated
PREN (Pitting Resistance)
15
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
92 MJ/m 3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
5940 kJ/m 3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
14 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
25 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
72 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
46 points
Environmental
Base Metal Price
8.0 % relative
Embodied Carbon
3.4 kg CO 2 /kg material
Embodied Energy
50 MJ/kg
Embodied Energy
50 MJ/kg 22 x 10 3 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
100 L/kg
Embodied Water
100 L/kg 12 gal/lb
Registered Designations & Aliases
Hardened D2 Tool Steel
Standards
ASTM A681 ASTM A681: Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy
SAE J437 SAE J437: Selection and Heat Treatment of Tool and Die Steels
SAE J437 SAE J437: Selection and Heat Treatment of Tool and Die Steels ASTM A681: Standard Specification for Tool Steels Alloy Tool Steels, 5th ed., George Roberts et al., 1998 Tool Steels: Properties and Performance, Rafael A. Mesquita (editor), 2016