ASTM A227 Spring Steel
Carbon & Non-Alloy Steels
cold worked (strain hardened)
Property Overview
Density7.8g/cm³
Elastic Modulus190GPa
Tensile Strength1720MPa
Yield Strength1430MPa
Brinell Hardness500HB
Maximum Service Temperature400°C
Chemical Composition
C
0.45 to 0.85%
MN
0.3 to 1.3%
SI
0.15 to 0.35%
P
0 to 0.040%
S
0 to 0.050%
FE
97.4 to 99.1%
Mechanical
Elastic (Young's, Tensile) Modulus
190 GPa
Elongation at Break
12 %
Fatigue Strength
900 MPa
Poisson's Ratio
0.29
Shear Modulus
72 GPa
Shear Strength
1030 MPa
Tensile Strength: Ultimate (UTS)
1720 MPa
Tensile Strength: Yield (Proof)
1430 MPa
Hardness
Brinell Hardness
500
Physical
Density
7.8 g/cm 3
Thermal
Latent Heat of Fusion
250 J/g
Maximum Temperature: Mechanical
400 °C
Melting Completion (Liquidus)
1450 °C
Melting Onset (Solidus)
1410 °C
Specific Heat Capacity
470 J/kg-K
Thermal Conductivity
52 W/m-K
Thermal Diffusivity
14 mm 2 /s
Thermal Expansion
12 µm/m-K
Thermal Shock Resistance
55 points
Electrical
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Volume
7.2 % IACS
Electrical Conductivity: Equal Weight (Specific)
8.3 % IACS
Calculated
Resilience: Ultimate (Unit Rupture Work)
200 MJ/m 3
Resilience: Unit (Modulus of Resilience)
5470 kJ/m 3
Stiffness to Weight: Axial
13 points
Stiffness to Weight: Bending
24 points
Strength to Weight: Axial
61 points
Strength to Weight: Bending
41 points
Environmental
Base Metal Price
1.8 % relative
Embodied Carbon
1.4 kg CO 2 /kg material
Embodied Energy
19 MJ/kg
Embodied Energy
19 MJ/kg 8.0 x 10 3 BTU/lb
Embodied Water
46 L/kg
Embodied Water
46 L/kg 5.5 gal/lb
Registered Designations & Aliases
ASTM A227 Spring Steel
Standards
ASTM A227 ASTM A227: Standard Specification for Steel Wire, Cold-Drawn for Mechanical Springs